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The ''Windmill of Wijk bij Duurstede'' (c. 1670) is an oil on canvas painting by the Dutch painter Jacob van Ruisdael. It is an example of Dutch Golden Age painting and is now in the collection of the Amsterdam Museum, on loan to the Rijksmuseum. The painting shows Wijk bij Duurstede, a riverside town about 20 kilometers from Utrecht, with a dominating cylindrical windmill, harmonised by the lines of river bank and sails, and the contrasts between light and shadow working together with the intensified concentration of mass and space. The attention to detail is remarkable. Art historian Seymour Slive reports that both from an aeronautical engineering and a hydrological viewpoint the finest levels of details are correct, in the windmill's sails and the river's waves respectively. It is not known for certain when Ruisdael painted the ''Windmill''. The painting is not dated, as very few of his works are after 1653. Dating subsequent work has therefore been largely detective work and speculation. It is assumed that it was painted in 1670. Unlike many other Ruisdaels the ''Windmill'' seems to have remained in Dutch hands. It was acquired by Adriaan van der Hoop (1778-1854) of Amsterdam at an unknown date, and bequeathed by him to the city of Amsterdam in 1854. Since 30 June 1885 it has been lent to the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, by the city of Amsterdam. Its enduring popularity is evidenced by card sales in the Rijksmuseum, with the ''Windmill'' ranking third after Rembrandt’s Nightwatch and Vermeer’s View of Delft. Ruisdael's windmill no longer stands, although its foundations can still be seen. Another windmill located a few hundred meters further is often confused with Ruisdael's. This confusion was created when Hofstede de Groot in 1911 wrote about the painting: "The Rhine flows from the left distance, filling almost the whole foreground except for a strip of the right-hand bank which is seen in front. The bank is lined with piles; reeds grow on it in the centre foreground. In the right middle distance is the great stone mill, with its sails at the back and inclined to the left. It rises far above the low trees around it and the episcopal palace beyond it to the left. To the right of the mill is a cottage ; farther to the right rises the church tower of the town. On a road along the bank to the right are three women. In the right foreground lie two millstones. On the river in the left distance are two sailing-boats. To the right of them, behind a bend in the stream, rise two masts. A fine cloudy sky. The mill still stands at this spot where the Rhine divides to form the Lek and the Kromme Rhyn (or " Crooked " Rhine). But it is not so high as it seems in the picture; and the lower part is now square and not round, and has a passage through it. Houses now stand where the low trees are seen round the mill. One of Ruisdael's finest pictures. (183 and 936. ) Signed in full on the right at foot ; canvas, 33 inches by 40 inches. Engraved by L. C. van Kesteren, W. Steelink the elder, and J. H. Graadt van Roggen. Sale. ]. Noe, 1841. In the collection of A. van der Hoop, Amsterdam ; bequeathed to the town in 1854. In the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Van der Hoop bequest, 1910 catalogue, No. 2074."〔( Entry 105 for The Windmill of Wijk bij Duurstede ) in Hofstede de Groot, 1912 (English translation)〕 File:1209 Wijk bij Duurstede 112.JPG|All that's left of the original mill File:Wijk Bij Duurstede..JPG|Skyline of Wijk bij Duurstede today File:Rijn-en-Lek-Wijk-bij-Duurstede.jpg|The windmill at night ==Other versions== This scene is very similar to other panorama paintings Ruisdael made of other (unidentified) windmills and these often served as inspiration for later painters of landscape, such as John Constable. File:Landscape with a Windmill, oil on wood painting by Jacob van Ruisdael, 1646.JPG|Version from the Cleveland Museum of Art File:Jacob van Ruisdael - Evening Landscape- a Windmill by a Stream.jpg|Version from the Buckingham Palace File:Jacob van Ruisdael - Landscape with a windmill by a river.jpg|Private collection File:Van Ruisdael, Jacob - Landscape with Windmills near Haarlem - Google Art Project.jpg|Version from the Dulwich Picture Gallery File:Constable, John - Landscape with Windmills near Haarlem, after Jacob van Ruisdael - Google Art Project.jpg|Copy by Constable 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Windmill at Wijk bij Duurstede」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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